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Why the Probability that You Are Living in a Matrix is Quite High
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"The Theory of Evolution" is actually two separate, but complementary hypotheses:
1. The evolutionary process (genetic mutations leading to differences between living creatures, and the creatures with positive attributes reproducing more often than those with negative attributes) happens.
2. This process is solely responsible for the variety of life we observe around us.
The first hypothesis *can* be experimentally verified, and has been many times, both in rigid lab conditions and in general.
The second hypothesis is historical in nature, so the "experiment" process breaks down, but that doesn't mean we can't test it against things we know to be true. It's impossible to run an experiment to prove that Napoleon invaded Waterloo, but we can certainly compare the expected consequences of that hypothesis with the actual historical records and artifacts, and get a pretty good idea what happened.
The evolutionary hypothesis does make predictions about what sorts of things we should find in the fossil record (no complex fossils in 3 billion year old rock, similar species should descend from a common ancestor, fossil shape should change slowly over time), and in fact we do find all these things.
None of this, of course, "proves" evolution is the One True Law of Existence. For one thing, it presupposes a universe like the one we observe, an earth like the one we see in geologic records, and the existance of an already-living cell, capable of reproduction. Given the fuzzy nature of exactly what "life" is, it's not entirely unplausable that, in 2 billion years on a volatile planet, a self-replicating molecule happened to form.
Best thing to do is your own research and critically decide which camp you belong.
I found some sound arguments and some lousy ones from each side. And decided that right now I don't belong to either camp.